Etrog citrons are large fruits, averaging 10 to 15 centimeters in length, and have an oval to oblong shape with one flattened, curved end and a tapered, pointed end. The fruits have a characteristic thick, bumpy, and ridged rind, and the textured, glossy surface is also covered in oil glands that emit an aromatic, floral fragrance with a distinct scent of lemon and violets. One defining characteristic of an Etrog is the pitam or dried flower stigma that extends from the non-stem end. This attached pitam is one of the most important traits found in Etrog citrons used for religious purposes.